Issue

National government actions and initiatives [1],[2]

Intergovernmental organization actions and initiatives [3]

Private sector and business actions and initiatives [4]

Capacity Building/
E-skills Education

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National aid programs

Local infrastructure initiatives (e.g. city-wide wi-fi networks)

“Digital Literacy” education and training initiatives

2005 WSIS “Tunis Agenda for the Information Society” Statement

UN ICT Task Force GeSCi initiative

The European Union “i2010”initiative

ITU-D conference for development of digital infrastructure (Doha action plan),March 2006

ITU “Connect the World” global multistakeholder initiative

G8 DOT Force Initiative Recommendations

Corporate “hybrid initiatives” combining philanthropy and direct investment

Business support for telecommunications accessibility approach

Private corporate investment initiatives (e.g. HP e-inclusion project, Cisco Networking Academy Programme)

Computer Technology Industry Association (CompTIA)initiatives for IT skills development

Consumer protection

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Education and awareness raising programmes

National policy regime options:

1. Regulation and legislation

2. Self-regulatory initiatives

National, regional and local law enforcement cooperation

2000 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of E-commerce

2003 OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders

APEC Voluntary Consumer Protection Guidelines for the Online Environment

Bilateral and multilateral government law enforcement and cooperation internationally

Education and awareness raising programmes

Self-regulatory codes and enforcement organizations (e.g. BBBOnline)

Provision of alternative dispute resolution services

Development and dissemination of industry best practices (e.g. ICC Tools for E-Business:

“Putting it right: Best practices for customer redress in online business”, “Resolving disputes online: Best practices for online dispute resolution in B2C and C2C transactions”; and GBDe policies on consumer confidenceand legal (jurisdiction) aspects)

Content

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National legislation on access to or the dissemination of certain content

OECD Workshop on Online Content

European Union “Safer Internet Programme”

Self-regulatory schemes (e.g. Internet Content Rating Association, filtering technologies)

Innovation and development of content filtering tools for use by parents, service providers, etc.

Contractual issues

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Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic contracts

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce

UNCITRAL Draft convention on electronic contracting

Provision of alternative dispute resolution services.

ICC E-Terms 2004 electronic contracting tools

ICC Guide to e-contracting

Cryptography

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National policies related to cryptography

Wassenaar Arrangementon the export of dual-use goods including encryption products

OECD Guidelines on Cryptography

Technical standards in the ITU (also see below under Technical Standards)

Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (also see below under Technical Standards)

Innovation and deployment of cryptographic technologies

Customs duties on electronic transmissions

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The assessment of Customs duties on electronic transmissions

WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions

Cooperation with customs and other entities considering this issue

Business support of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions

Cyber-crimes

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National legislation and regulation making certain online acts criminal

Council of Europe Convention on Cyber-crime(Note: non-members can accede to the Convention upon application and approval)

Cooperation with law enforcement

ICC commercial crime services (CCS) Fraudnet initiative

Education

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National, regional, and local educational systems from basic education to university, to IT specific training

UNESCO

UNICT TF

Forums/Workshops

ITU and UNDP Human Capacity Building programs in IT

Numerous private sector capacity building exercises and public-private partnerships (e.g. Cisco network academies, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless Virtual Academy, Nokia BridgeIT programme)

Internal corporate training and life-long learning programmes

Electronic Authentication

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Encouragement of use by business and the public of electronic authentication in e-government, (e.g. in tax filing, and government procurement)

Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic signatures

OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication

OECD-Private Sector workshop on electronic authentication

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures

European Electronic Signature Standardisation Initiative (EESSI)

Technical standards in the ITU on public key infrastructure (also see below under Technical Standards)

Development and dissemination of guidance on electronic authentication (e.g. ICC General Usage for International Digitally Ensured Commerce (GUIDEC))

GBDe recommendations on authentication

Innovation and deployment of electronic authentication technologies

Exchange of Internet Traffic

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Ensure that there are no legal barriers to the creation of regional traffic hubs

Competition Law

ITU Recommendation D.50

ITU-T Rapporteurs Groupcontinues to discuss this issue

OECD Workshop “Internet Traffic Exchange”

OECD Study “Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of End-to-End International Telecommunication Competition”

ITU assistance in establishing regional Internet Exchange Points

APECTEL Working Group

Commercial negotiations among ISPs to exchange traffic (e.g. peering and transit)

Business investment in infrastructure including  establishing Internet Exchange Points

Freedom of expression
/ Human rights

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Legislative and judicial measures protecting freedom of expression on the internet (e.g. U.S. Supreme Court ruling protecting the Internet under the 1^st amendment)

Joint Declaration by UN/OSCE/OAS on Freedom of Expression on the Internet

Joint recommendation by OSCE and Reporters sans Frontières to ensure freedom of expression on the internet

United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights Article 19

Council of Europe human rights media division 

UNESCO Freedom of expression in cyberspace conference

Private sector digital rights advocacy associations (e.g. Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), Center for Democracy and Technology (CDI), Reporters sans Frontières(RSF))

Statement by private investment funds in conjunction with Reporters sans Frontières for freedom of expression on the internet

WSIS Civil Society and Human Rights Caucus statement to IGF open consultations

Information systems and network security

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Education and awareness raising programmes, development and dissemination of best practices (e.g. FCC industry advisory group Physical and Cybersecurity Best Practices (voluntary))

Training and recruiting of technical specialists for law enforcement

Dedicated information security incident reporting to law enforcement (e.g. UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit)

Support/encourage incident-reporting and information-sharing centres in the private sector

Legislation on computer-related crime

Coordination and information-sharing of national initiatives/centres on systems and network security (e.g. European Network and Information Security Agency)

2002 OECD Guidelines on the Security of Information Systems and Networks(revised 2003)

UN General Assembly Resolution on a Global Culture of Security

APEC TEL 2005 Strategy to ensure trusted, secure and sustainable online environment

OAS’ CITEL PCC.I Working Group on Advanced Technologies and Services

Technical standards in the ITU-T (see below under Technical Standards)

ITU-D programs on e-strategies /applications to enhance security and trust in the use of networks

Incident reporting and information-sharing resources (e.g. National Computer Emergency Response Team for Australia, CERT^® Coordination Center, US, ICC Commercial Crime Services, UK)

Education and awareness raising, development and dissemination of best practices for industry and the general public. (e.g. national reporting and information sharing groups; ICC/BIAC business applications of OECD security guidelines, “Securing Your Business”, WITSA Statement on Information Security)

Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (see below under Technical Standards)

ICC Toolkits: “Information Security Assistance for Executives”and

“Securing Your Business: Information security issues and resources for small and entrepreneurial companies”

GBDe recommendations on security

Innovation and deployment of information systems and network security technologies

Infrastructure development

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National economic development programs

Incentives to private investment, e.g. “good governance”

National Universal Service obligations for basic telecommunications

WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and Global Procurement Agreement (GPA), Relevant Services Commitments, e.g. Telecoms, Computer and Related Services

World Bank

UNESCO’s ICT development programs

UNCTAD ICT and E-Business Branch

UNDP’s ICT development programmes

Advocacy and best practice work on trade liberalization in telecommunications (e.g. ICC Business Guide to Telecoms Liberalization, WITSA paper “Best Practices in IT Government Procurement”)

Private sector investment and deployment of infrastructure

Intellectual Property

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Implementation of national policies and enforcement of national laws and international agreements