Issue

National government actions and initiatives [1],[2]

Intergovernmental organization actions and initiatives [3]

Private sector and business actions and initiatives [4]

Capacity Building/
E-skills Education

[back to list of issues]

National aid programs

Local infrastructure initiatives (e.g. city-wide wi-fi networks)

“Digital Literacy” education and training initiatives

2005 WSIS “Tunis Agenda for the Information Society” Statement

UN ICT Task Force GeSCi initiative

The European Union “i2010”initiative

ITU-D conference for development of digital infrastructure (Doha action plan),March 2006

ITU “Connect the World” global multistakeholder initiative

G8 DOT Force Initiative Recommendations

Corporate “hybrid initiatives” combining philanthropy and direct investment

Business support for telecommunications accessibility approach

Private corporate investment initiatives (e.g. HP e-inclusion project, Cisco Networking Academy Programme)

Computer Technology Industry Association (CompTIA)initiatives for IT skills development

Consumer protection

[back to list of issues]

Education and awareness raising programmes

National policy regime options:

1. Regulation and legislation

2. Self-regulatory initiatives

National, regional and local law enforcement cooperation

2000 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of E-commerce

2003 OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders

APEC Voluntary Consumer Protection Guidelines for the Online Environment

Bilateral and multilateral government law enforcement and cooperation internationally

Education and awareness raising programmes

Self-regulatory codes and enforcement organizations (e.g. BBBOnline)

Provision of alternative dispute resolution services

Development and dissemination of industry best practices (e.g. ICC Tools for E-Business:

“Putting it right: Best practices for customer redress in online business”, “Resolving disputes online: Best practices for online dispute resolution in B2C and C2C transactions”; and GBDe policies on consumer confidenceand legal (jurisdiction) aspects)

Content

[back to list of issues]

National legislation on access to or the dissemination of certain content

OECD Workshop on Online Content

European Union “Safer Internet Programme”

Self-regulatory schemes (e.g. Internet Content Rating Association, filtering technologies)

Innovation and development of content filtering tools for use by parents, service providers, etc.

Contractual issues

[back to list of issues]

Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic contracts

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce

UNCITRAL Draft convention on electronic contracting

Provision of alternative dispute resolution services.

ICC E-Terms 2004 electronic contracting tools

ICC Guide to e-contracting

Cryptography

[back to list of issues]

National policies related to cryptography

Wassenaar Arrangementon the export of dual-use goods including encryption products

OECD Guidelines on Cryptography

Technical standards in the ITU (also see below under Technical Standards)

Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (also see below under Technical Standards)

Innovation and deployment of cryptographic technologies

Customs duties on electronic transmissions

[back to list of issues]

The assessment of Customs duties on electronic transmissions

WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions

Cooperation with customs and other entities considering this issue

Business support of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions

Cyber-crimes

[back to list of issues]

National legislation and regulation making certain online acts criminal

Council of Europe Convention on Cyber-crime(Note: non-members can accede to the Convention upon application and approval)

Cooperation with law enforcement

ICC commercial crime services (CCS) Fraudnet initiative

Education

[back to list of issues]

National, regional, and local educational systems from basic education to university, to IT specific training

UNESCO

UNICT TF

Forums/Workshops

ITU and UNDP Human Capacity Building programs in IT

Numerous private sector capacity building exercises and public-private partnerships (e.g. Cisco network academies, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless Virtual Academy, Nokia BridgeIT programme)

Internal corporate training and life-long learning programmes

Electronic Authentication

[back to list of issues]

Encouragement of use by business and the public of electronic authentication in e-government, (e.g. in tax filing, and government procurement)

Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic signatures

OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication

OECD-Private Sector workshop on electronic authentication

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures

European Electronic Signature Standardisation Initiative (EESSI)

Technical standards in the ITU on public key infrastructure (also see below under Technical Standards)

Development and dissemination of guidance on electronic authentication (e.g. ICC General Usage for International Digitally Ensured Commerce (GUIDEC))

GBDe recommendations on authentication

Innovation and deployment of electronic authentication technologies

Exchange of Internet Traffic

[back to list of issues]

Ensure that there are no legal barriers to the creation of regional traffic hubs

Competition Law

ITU Recommendation D.50

ITU-T Rapporteurs Groupcontinues to discuss this issue

OECD Workshop “Internet Traffic Exchange”

OECD Study “Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of End-to-End International Telecommunication Competition”

ITU assistance in establishing regional Internet Exchange Points

APECTEL Working Group

Commercial negotiations among ISPs to exchange traffic (e.g. peering and transit)

Business investment in infrastructure including  establishing Internet Exchange Points

Freedom of expression
/ Human rights

[back to list of issues]

Legislative and judicial measures protecting freedom of expression on the internet (e.g. U.S. Supreme Court ruling protecting the Internet under the 1^st amendment)

Joint Declaration by UN/OSCE/OAS on Freedom of Expression on the Internet

Joint recommendation by OSCE and Reporters sans Frontières to ensure freedom of expression on the internet

United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights Article 19

Council of Europe human rights media division 

UNESCO Freedom of expression in cyberspace conference

Private sector digital rights advocacy associations (e.g. Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), Center for Democracy and Technology (CDI), Reporters sans Frontières(RSF))

Statement by private investment funds in conjunction with Reporters sans Frontières for freedom of expression on the internet

WSIS Civil Society and Human Rights Caucus statement to IGF open consultations

Information systems and network security

[back to list of issues]

Education and awareness raising programmes, development and dissemination of best practices (e.g. FCC industry advisory group Physical and Cybersecurity Best Practices (voluntary))

Training and recruiting of technical specialists for law enforcement

Dedicated information security incident reporting to law enforcement (e.g. UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit)

Support/encourage incident-reporting and information-sharing centres in the private sector

Legislation on computer-related crime

Coordination and information-sharing of national initiatives/centres on systems and network security (e.g. European Network and Information Security Agency)

2002 OECD Guidelines on the Security of Information Systems and Networks(revised 2003)

UN General Assembly Resolution on a Global Culture of Security

APEC TEL 2005 Strategy to ensure trusted, secure and sustainable online environment

OAS’ CITEL PCC.I Working Group on Advanced Technologies and Services

Technical standards in the ITU-T (see below under Technical Standards)

ITU-D programs on e-strategies /applications to enhance security and trust in the use of networks

Incident reporting and information-sharing resources (e.g. National Computer Emergency Response Team for Australia, CERT^® Coordination Center, US, ICC Commercial Crime Services, UK)

Education and awareness raising, development and dissemination of best practices for industry and the general public. (e.g. national reporting and information sharing groups; ICC/BIAC business applications of OECD security guidelines, “Securing Your Business”, WITSA Statement on Information Security)

Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (see below under Technical Standards)

ICC Toolkits: “Information Security Assistance for Executives”and

“Securing Your Business: Information security issues and resources for small and entrepreneurial companies”

GBDe recommendations on security

Innovation and deployment of information systems and network security technologies

Infrastructure development

[back to list of issues]

National economic development programs

Incentives to private investment, e.g. “good governance”

National Universal Service obligations for basic telecommunications

WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and Global Procurement Agreement (GPA), Relevant Services Commitments, e.g. Telecoms, Computer and Related Services

World Bank

UNESCO’s ICT development programs

UNCTAD ICT and E-Business Branch

UNDP’s ICT development programmes

Advocacy and best practice work on trade liberalization in telecommunications (e.g. ICC Business Guide to Telecoms Liberalization, WITSA paper “Best Practices in IT Government Procurement”)

Private sector investment and deployment of infrastructure

Intellectual Property

[back to list of issues]

Implementation of national policies and enforcement of national laws and international agreements

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty (WCT), 1996

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), 1996

WTO Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS)

Innovation and deployment of digital rights management technologies

ICANN Uniform domain-name dispute resolution policy (UDRP)

ICC Intellectual Property (IP) roadmap

Education and awareness raising programmes

Enforcement of rights

IPv6 Deployment

[back to list of issues]

National Government Initiatives for promotion of IPv6

Deployment of IPv6 in government applications

European Commission IPv6 Task Force

IPv6 Forum

North American IPv6 Task Force

IPv6 Cluster European IPv6 Internet portal

6DISS European initiativefor dissemination and exploitation of IPv6 in developing regions

Euro6IXResearch IPv6 research program

IETF IPv6 working group

ICC Policy Statement on IPv6 “Deploying the next generation Internet”

Open Contributors Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (OCCAID)

Private IPv6 Research and Promotional Consortia (e.g. WIDE Japan, IPv6 Promotion Council Japan, 6Bone)

National Level IPv6 Alliances and Promotional Groups (e.g. IPv6 France Task Force, China IPv6 Council, IPv6 Forum Taiwan, IPv6 Forum Korea)

Multilingual (internationalized) Domain Names (IDNs)

[back to list of issues]

National acceptance of international standards

ITU and UNESCO Global Symposium on Promoting the Multilingual Internet
Geneva, 9-11 May 2006

ITU Specific activities: Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)

Joint ITU/WIPO symposium, Geneva 2001

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN),including coordination with root servers, IANA

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), including technical and linguistic (IDNA) standards

Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC),including language tables

ICC Issues paper on Internationalized Domain Names

The Unicode Consortiumincluding the Unicode Standard character database

Privacy and cross-border flows of personal data

[back to list of issues]

National privacy regime options:

1. General and/or sectoral regulation

2. Omnibus and sectoral legislation

3. Self-regulatory initiatives

Education and awareness raising activities

OECD Guidelines for the protection of privacy and transborder flows of personal data

OECD Privacy Online: policy and practical guidance

OECD Privacy policy statement generator

OECD work on Spam

UN Guidelines for the regulation of computerized personal data files

Council of Europe Convention

European Commission Directive 95/46/EC

APEC Privacy Framework

Education and awareness raising (e.g. ICC Global Spam Fighting Resource, ICC Privacy Toolkit)

Self-regulatory codes and enforcement organizations (e.g. ICC Guidelines on Marketing and Advertising on the Internet, Truste, BBBOnline)

ICC policy paper on Spam

Provision of reporting and ‘optout’ services.  (e.g. national direct marketing associations)

Company codes of conduct / binding corporate rules

Model contract clauses for cross-border transfers of personal data including the industry alternative model contract clauses for data transfers from  the EU

GBDe recommendations for protection of personal data

Innovation of new technologies to protect information, mitigate SPAM, etc.

Taxation of e-commerce

[back to list of issues]

National policies regarding the taxation of electronic commerce

OECD Technical Advisory Group’s recommendations on current taxation treaties

Work of the OECD Technical Advisory Groups on Tax in partnership with business

Technical coordination of the Internet

[back to list of issues]

National laws apply to ccTLD administrators

Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC)to ICANN and ITU activities under Resolution 102 (Marrakech 2002)

GAC guidelinesfor the delegation and administration of country code top level domains (ccTLD)

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Organizations such as CENTR, RIPE-NCC, APNICetc.

Technical standards

[back to list of issues]

Support for and participation in national standards setting bodies/processes

Participation in international standards setting bodies

United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT)

ITU-T and ITU-R Recommendations for the telecommunications network and radio

ITU-R(WRC) identification, allocation and assignment of radio spectrum

ITU-R(global regulations for frequency allocations)

Organizations involved in interface and performance standardization, including protocols:

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) and the Internet Architecture Board(IAB)

World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)

Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers(IEEE)

International Organization for Standards(ISO)

International Electrotechnic Commission(IEC)

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Forum