Issue
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National government actions and initiatives ,
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Intergovernmental organization actions and initiatives
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Private sector and business actions and initiatives
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Capacity Building/
E-skills Education
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National aid programs
Local infrastructure initiatives (e.g. city-wide wi-fi networks)
“Digital Literacy” education and training initiatives
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2005 WSIS “Tunis Agenda for the Information Society” Statement
UN ICT Task Force GeSCi initiative
The European Union “i2010”initiative
ITU-D conference for development of digital infrastructure (Doha action plan),March 2006
ITU “Connect the World” global multistakeholder initiative
G8 DOT Force Initiative Recommendations
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Corporate “hybrid initiatives” combining philanthropy and direct investment
Business support for telecommunications accessibility approach
Private corporate investment initiatives (e.g. HP e-inclusion project, Cisco Networking Academy Programme)
Computer Technology Industry Association (CompTIA)initiatives for IT skills development
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Consumer protection
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Education and awareness raising programmes
National policy regime options:
1. Regulation and legislation
2. Self-regulatory initiatives
National, regional and local law enforcement cooperation
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2000 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of E-commerce
2003 OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders
APEC Voluntary Consumer Protection Guidelines for the Online Environment
Bilateral and multilateral government law enforcement and cooperation internationally
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Education and awareness raising programmes
Self-regulatory codes and enforcement organizations (e.g. BBBOnline)
Provision of alternative dispute resolution services
Development and dissemination of industry best practices (e.g. ICC Tools for E-Business:
“Putting it right: Best practices for customer redress in online business”, “Resolving disputes online: Best practices for online dispute resolution in B2C and C2C transactions”; and GBDe policies on consumer confidenceand legal (jurisdiction) aspects)
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Content
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National legislation on access to or the dissemination of certain content
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OECD Workshop on Online Content
European Union “Safer Internet Programme”
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Self-regulatory schemes (e.g. Internet Content Rating Association, filtering technologies)
Innovation and development of content filtering tools for use by parents, service providers, etc.
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Contractual issues
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Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic contracts
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UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
UNCITRAL Draft convention on electronic contracting
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Provision of alternative dispute resolution services.
ICC E-Terms 2004 electronic contracting tools
ICC Guide to e-contracting
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Cryptography
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National policies related to cryptography
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Wassenaar Arrangementon the export of dual-use goods including encryption products
OECD Guidelines on Cryptography
Technical standards in the ITU (also see below under Technical Standards)
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Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (also see below under Technical Standards)
Innovation and deployment of cryptographic technologies
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Customs duties on electronic transmissions
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The assessment of Customs duties on electronic transmissions
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WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions
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Cooperation with customs and other entities considering this issue
Business support of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions
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Cyber-crimes
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National legislation and regulation making certain online acts criminal
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Council of Europe Convention on Cyber-crime(Note: non-members can accede to the Convention upon application and approval)
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Cooperation with law enforcement
ICC commercial crime services (CCS) Fraudnet initiative
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Education
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National, regional, and local educational systems from basic education to university, to IT specific training
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UNESCO
UNICT TF
Forums/Workshops
ITU and UNDP Human Capacity Building programs in IT
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Numerous private sector capacity building exercises and public-private partnerships (e.g. Cisco network academies, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless Virtual Academy, Nokia BridgeIT programme)
Internal corporate training and life-long learning programmes
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Electronic Authentication
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Encouragement of use by business and the public of electronic authentication in e-government, (e.g. in tax filing, and government procurement)
Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic signatures
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OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication
OECD-Private Sector workshop on electronic authentication
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
European Electronic Signature Standardisation Initiative (EESSI)
Technical standards in the ITU on public key infrastructure (also see below under Technical Standards)
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Development and dissemination of guidance on electronic authentication (e.g. ICC General Usage for International Digitally Ensured Commerce (GUIDEC))
GBDe recommendations on authentication
Innovation and deployment of electronic authentication technologies
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Exchange of Internet Traffic
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Ensure that there are no legal barriers to the creation of regional traffic hubs
Competition Law
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ITU Recommendation D.50
ITU-T Rapporteurs Groupcontinues to discuss this issue
OECD Workshop “Internet Traffic Exchange”
OECD Study “Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of End-to-End International Telecommunication Competition”
ITU assistance in establishing regional Internet Exchange Points
APECTEL Working Group
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Commercial negotiations among ISPs to exchange traffic (e.g. peering and transit)
Business investment in infrastructure including establishing Internet Exchange Points
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Freedom of expression
/ Human rights
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Legislative and judicial measures protecting freedom of expression on the internet (e.g. U.S. Supreme Court ruling protecting the Internet under the 1st amendment)
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Joint Declaration by UN/OSCE/OAS on Freedom of Expression on the Internet
Joint recommendation by OSCE and Reporters sans Frontières to ensure freedom of expression on the internet
United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights Article 19
Council of Europe human rights media division
UNESCO Freedom of expression in cyberspace conference
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Private sector digital rights advocacy associations (e.g. Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), Center for Democracy and Technology (CDI), Reporters sans Frontières(RSF))
Statement by private investment funds in conjunction with Reporters sans Frontières for freedom of expression on the internet
WSIS Civil Society and Human Rights Caucus statement to IGF open consultations
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Information systems and network security
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Education and awareness raising programmes, development and dissemination of best practices (e.g. FCC industry advisory group Physical and Cybersecurity Best Practices (voluntary))
Training and recruiting of technical specialists for law enforcement
Dedicated information security incident reporting to law enforcement (e.g. UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit)
Support/encourage incident-reporting and information-sharing centres in the private sector
Legislation on computer-related crime
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Coordination and information-sharing of national initiatives/centres on systems and network security (e.g. European Network and Information Security Agency)
2002 OECD Guidelines on the Security of Information Systems and Networks(revised 2003)
UN General Assembly Resolution on a Global Culture of Security
APEC TEL 2005 Strategy to ensure trusted, secure and sustainable online environment
OAS’ CITEL PCC.I Working Group on Advanced Technologies and Services
Technical standards in the ITU-T (see below under Technical Standards)
ITU-D programs on e-strategies /applications to enhance security and trust in the use of networks
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Incident reporting and information-sharing resources (e.g. National Computer Emergency Response Team for Australia, CERT® Coordination Center, US, ICC Commercial Crime Services, UK)
Education and awareness raising, development and dissemination of best practices for industry and the general public. (e.g. national reporting and information sharing groups; ICC/BIAC business applications of OECD security guidelines, “Securing Your Business”, WITSA Statement on Information Security)
Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (see below under Technical Standards)
ICC Toolkits: “Information Security Assistance for Executives”and
“Securing Your Business: Information security issues and resources for small and entrepreneurial companies”
GBDe recommendations on security
Innovation and deployment of information systems and network security technologies
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Infrastructure development
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National economic development programs
Incentives to private investment, e.g. “good governance”
National Universal Service obligations for basic telecommunications
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WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and Global Procurement Agreement (GPA), Relevant Services Commitments, e.g. Telecoms, Computer and Related Services
World Bank
UNESCO’s ICT development programs
UNCTAD ICT and E-Business Branch
UNDP’s ICT development programmes
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Advocacy and best practice work on trade liberalization in telecommunications (e.g. ICC Business Guide to Telecoms Liberalization, WITSA paper “Best Practices in IT Government Procurement”)
Private sector investment and deployment of infrastructure
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Intellectual Property
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Implementation of national policies and enforcement of national laws and international agreements
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